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Fri, September 22, 2023 | 20:21
National
Why does COVID-19 spread continue despite 97% antibody rate among population?
국민 97% 코로나19 항체 보유, 왜 계속 유행하나
Posted : 2022-09-26 10:55
Updated : 2022-09-26 10:55
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A woman walks with a mask in her hand on a street in Jung District, Seoul, Friday. Yonhap23일 한 여성이 마스크를 손에 든 채 서울 중구의 한 거리를 걷고 있다.
A woman walks with a mask in her hand on a street in Jung District, Seoul, Friday. Yonhap
23일 한 여성이 마스크를 손에 든 채 서울 중구의 한 거리를 걷고 있다.

By Lee Hyo-jin


While a recent government study found that almost all Koreans have developed antibodies against the coronavirus either by vaccination or natural infection, this finding does not mean that the population has achieved herd immunity, according to health officials.
최근 정부 연구에 따르면 국민 대부분이 백신 접종이나 자연감염을 통해 코로나19 항체를 가지고 있지만, 보건 당국자들은 이런 결과가 국민이 집단 면역을 얻었다는 의미는 아니라고 말했다.


The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) unveiled on Friday the results of its latest study, which showed that 97.4 percent of those surveyed had antibodies against the spike protein (S) of the coronavirus. The survey, co-organized with the Korea National Institute of Health (NIH), involved some 10,000 people aged five and above living in 17 cities and provinces.
9월 30일 질병관리본부는 최신 연구 결과를 발표했는데, 응답자의 97.4%가 코로나19 바이러스의S(스파이크) 항원을 보유한 것으로 나타났다고 밝혔다. 국립보건연구원과 공동 실시한 이번 조사는 17개 시·도에 거주하는 5세 이상 1만명(실제 항체 분석 대상은 9901명)을 대상으로 진행됐다.


A COVID-19 antibody test checks whether an individual has developed S-antibodies or nucleocapsid protein (N)-antibodies. S-antibodies are produced either through natural infection or vaccination, while the N-antibodies are formed only through natural infection.
코로나19 항체 검사는 개인이 S 항체 또는 N(핵 단백) 항체를 형성했는지 여부를 확인한다. S 항체는 자연감염이나 백신 접종을 통해 생성되는 반면, N 항체는 자연감염을 통해서만 생성된다.


Although the vast majority of the population has developed antibodies against the coronavirus, people should still remain vigilant and receive an updated booster shot, health officials warn.
국민 대다수가 코로나19에 대한 항체를 형성했지만, 보건 당국은 아직은 긴장을 유지해야 하며 추가 백신접종이 필요하다고 경고했다.


"A positive antibody test result does not necessarily mean that the person has high immunity to the virus. We also do not know the specific antibody levels of the individuals or whether they have neutralizing antibodies," Kwon Joo-wook, director of the NIH said during a briefing. A neutralizing antibody is an antibody that actually defends cells from pathogens and infections.
권준욱 국립보건연구원장은 브리핑에서 "항체 검사 결과가 양성이라고 해서 바이러스에 대한 면역력이 높다는 것을 바로 의미하는 것은 아니다. 개인의 항체가가 얼마나 높은지, 중화항체 보유 여부도 알 수 없다"고 말했다. 중화 항체는 실제로 병원체와 감염으로부터 세포를 방어하는 항체다.


He also said that the latest study has only confirmed the presence of antibodies for the original COVID-19 virus, not for the Omicron variant and its subvariants.
권 원장은 또한 최신 연구에서 오미크론 변이와 그 하위 변이가 아닌 원래 코로나19 바이러스에 대한 항체의 존재만 확인했다고 말했다.


"Antibodies diminish over time and the possible emergence of new variants may weaken the protection offered by antibodies from a previous variant," he said, explaining that inoculation via a booster shot is essential after four months or longer following either infection or vaccination.
그는 "항체는 시간이 지남에 따라 소실되고, 새로운 변이가 나타난다면 기존의 방어효과는 더 감소할 수 있다"며 감염 또는 접종이 된 후라도 4개월 이상 시간이 지난 경우 추가 접종이 필요하다고 설명했다.


Kwon, however, expected that the high level of positive antibody rate among the population would help reduce the risk of falling critically ill and further bring down the fatality rate, which currently stands at 0.11 percent.
그러나 권 원장은 인구 중 항체양성률이 높으면 중증화율을 줄이고 현재 0.11%에 달하는 치명률을 더욱 낮추는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대했다.


Another notable finding from the survey is the N-antibody positivity rate of 57.7 percent. The N-antibody is abundantly expressed during infections, so the figure indicates that nearly six out of 10 people have been infected with COVID-19. This figure is higher than the test-confirmed rate which stood at 38 percent as of late July. The presence of N-antibodies does not indicate immunity against reinfection, however.
또 다른 주목할 만한 조사 결과는 N 항체 양성률이 57.7%라는 점이다. N 항체는 자연감염 시 많이 발현되기 때문에 10명 중 거의 6명이 코로나19에 감염되었다는 점을 시사한다. 이는 7월 말 기준 38%에 달하는 검사 확인률보다 높은 수치다. 그러나 N 항체의 존재는 재감염에 대한 면역성을 의미하지는 않는다.

KEY WORDS
■ antibody 항체
■ immunity 면역력
■ unveil 발표하다
■ vigilant 바짝 경계하는
■ briefing 브리핑(정보나 지시를 전달하는 회의)
■ pathogen 병원균, 병원체
■ variant 변종
■ subvariant 하위 변종
■ diminish 줄어들다, 줄이다
■ inoculation (예방) 접종
■ critically 위태롭게
■ notable 주목할 만한
■ abundantly 풍부하게

기사 원문 보기


Emailywjeon@ktimes.com Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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