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Sat, June 3, 2023 | 16:52
National
Year of Rabbit: prosperity, longevity and wisdom
계묘년: 번성, 장수, 지혜의 해
Posted : 2023-01-02 16:27
Updated : 2023-01-02 16:27
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'Ssangtodo,' a portrayal of a pair of rabbits that symbolize conjugal love and a harmonious family / Courtesy of National Folk Museum of Korea부부애와 화목한 가정을 상징하는 토끼 한 쌍을 그린 민화 ‘쌍토도'
"Ssangtodo," a portrayal of a pair of rabbits that symbolize conjugal love and a harmonious family / Courtesy of National Folk Museum of Korea
부부애와 화목한 가정을 상징하는 토끼 한 쌍을 그린 민화 ‘쌍토도'

By Dong Sun-hwa


2023 is the Year of the Rabbit in the Chinese zodiac. Given that the rabbit has been emblematic of prosperity, longevity and wisdom in Korea, 2023 is expected to be a time of fertility as well.
2023년은 십이지 중 토끼의 해다. 한국에서 토끼가 번성, 장수, 지혜를 상징하는 만큼 2023년 역시 풍요로운 한 해가 될 것으로 예상된다.


The rabbit is the fourth animal in the Chinese zodiac, representing east on the compass and 5 a.m. to 7 a.m. on the clock. The fact that the animal symbolizes February in the lunar calendar ― the month signaling the beginning of farming in an agricultural society ― and that it gives birth to offspring four to six times a year, explain why the rabbit is a beacon of fruitfulness.
십이지 동물 중 네 번째인 토끼는 방향은 정동, 시간은 오전 5~7시를 가리킨다. 또한 토끼는 농경사회에서 농사를 시작하는 음력 2월을 상징하고 한 해에만 4~6회 새끼를 낳아 풍요를 상징한다.


The rabbit also represents the moon and longevity, as evidenced by a Korean folk tale about the moon rabbit. Koreans have long believed that some white rabbits live on the moon that make an elixir of immortality using mortars and pestles, and many paintings and songs, such as Yoon Guk-young's "Half Moon" (1924), center on these mystical creatures.
달토끼에 관한 한국 전래 동화에서도 보이듯 토끼는 달과 장수를 상징한다. 한국인은 절구와 방아를 이용해 불로장생의 약을 만드는 흰토끼가 달에 산다고 오랫동안 믿었으며 윤극영의 ‘반달'(1924)을 포함한 수많은 그림 및 노래는 이 신비로운 생명체를 집중 조명한다.


Along with the tiger, the rabbit frequently appears in Korean literary works ranging from folk tales to "pansori," a traditional genre of musical storytelling. Although the rabbit is portrayed sometimes as a victim of its own tricks backfiring, the long-eared animal is often viewed in a more positive light as a creature of wisdom, wit and agility.
호랑이와 더불어 토끼는 민속 동화부터 이야기 음악의 전통 장르인 ‘판소리'까지 한국 문학에 자주, 폭넓게 등장한다. 토끼는 종종 자기 꾀에 넘어가는 희생양으로 묘사되지만 이 긴 귀의 동물은 지혜와 기지, 민첩의 동물로 긍정적인 관점에서 더 자주 여겨진다.


One of the most prominent creations featuring the rabbit is "Sugungga," which is one of the five surviving traditional narrative pansori forms from the 1392-1910 Joseon Dynasty. In this satirical tale, the rabbit appears as a clever animal symbolizing the powerless people, which manages to outwit a corrupt ruler.
토끼를 다루는 가장 유명한 작품 중 하나인 ‘수궁가'는 조선시대(1392-1910)에서 현재까지 전해지는 판소리 다섯 마당 중 한 곡이다. 이 풍자적인 이야기에서 부패한 통치자보다 한 수 앞선 토끼는 힘 없는 서민을 대변하는 영민한 동물로 나타난다.


"Sugungga" revolves around a wild rabbit that is lured by a turtle to the palace of the Dragon King of the Southern Sea, who needs a rabbit's liver to save his life. The rabbit comes close to death after arriving there, but narrowly escapes by lying that it has to return to land to retrieve its liver, which it had taken out to dry under the sun. The Dragon King trusts the rabbit and lets it go, ending up losing his opportunity to cure his illness.
‘수궁가'는 거북이의 꼬임에 빠져 생명 유지를 위해 토끼의 간이 필요한 용왕의 궁전으로 가는 야생 토끼를 주인공으로 한다. 토끼는 궁전에 도착 후 죽을 위험에 처하지만 햇볕 아래 건조시켜 둔 자신의 간을 가지러 육지로 돌아가야 한다는 거짓말로 가까스로 탈출한다. 용왕은 토끼를 믿고 보내주어 병을 치료할 기회를 잃어버리고 만다.


According to Oh A-ran, a curator at the National Folk Museum of Korea, the rabbit's symbolic meanings and images have changed over time.
오아란 국가민속박물관 큐레이터에 따르면 토끼의 상징적인 의미와 이미지는 시간이 지나면서 변화해왔다.

KEY WORDS
■ Chinese zodiac 띠((생년을 나타내는 십이지))
■ emblematic 상징적인
■ fertility 풍요, 다산
■ offspring 자식
■ beacon 등대, 표지
■ longevity 장수
■ fruitfulness 결실이 많음, 비옥함
■ elixir 묘약
■ mortar and pestle 절구와 절굿공이
■ center on ∼에 초점을 맞추다
■ backfire 역효과를 낳다
■ agile 민첩한, 날렵한
■ prominent 유명한
■ outwit ~보다 한 수 앞서다
■ revolve around ~을 중심으로 다루다
■ retrieve 되찾다

기사 원문 보기


Emailywjeon@ktimes.com Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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